\(a) \begin{cases}x=y+4\\2x+3=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x = y + 4\\2x = -3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}\dfrac{-3}{2} = y + 4\\x = \dfrac{-3}{2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}y = \dfrac{-11}{2}\\x = \dfrac{-3}{2}\end{cases}\\b) \begin{cases}2x + y = 7\\3y - x = 7\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}2x + y = 7\\6y - 2x = 14\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}2x + y = 7\\7y = 21\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}2x + 3 = 7\\y = 3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=2\\y=3\end{cases}\\ c) \begin{cases} 5x + y = 3 \\ -x - \dfrac{1}{5}y=\dfrac{-3}{5} \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases} 5x + y = 3 \\ 5x + y = 3 \end{cases} (luôn\ đúng) \Leftrightarrow Phương\ trình\ vô\ số\ nghiệm \\d) \begin{cases} 3x - 5y = -18 \\ x - 5 = 2y \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases} 3x - 5y = -18 \\ 3x - 6y = 15 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases} x - 5 = 2.(-33)\\ y = -13 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}x = -61\\y=-33 \end{cases} \)

1.

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y+x^3y+xy^2+xy=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\x^4+y^2+xy\left(1+2x\right)=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^2+y\right)+xy+xy\left(x^2+y\right)=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\\left(x^2+y\right)^2+xy=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\left(1\right)\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y=a\\xy=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+ab=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\a^2+b=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}-a\left(a^2+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-a^3-\dfrac{1}{4}a=0\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-a\left(a^2-a+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)=0\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\left(a-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\\b=-a^2-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\b=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\\b=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\b=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y=0\\xy=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{10}}{2}\\y=-\dfrac{5}{2\sqrt[3]{10}}\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\\b=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\xy=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Kết luận: Phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{10}}{2};-\dfrac{5}{2\sqrt[3]{10}}\right);\left(1;-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\right\}\)

2.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+1\right)^3-16\left(x+1\right)=\left(\dfrac{2}{y}\right)^3-4\left(\dfrac{2}{y}\right)\\1+\left(\dfrac{2}{y}\right)^2=5\left(x+1\right)^2+5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=u\\\dfrac{2}{y}=v\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u^3-16u=v^3-4v\\v^2=5u^2+4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u^3-v^3=16u-4v\\4=v^2-5u^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow4\left(u^3-v^3\right)=\left(16u-4v\right)\left(v^2-5u^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow21u^3-5u^2v-4uv^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u\left(7u-4v\right)\left(3u+v\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}u=0\Rightarrow v^2=4\\u=\dfrac{4v}{7}\Rightarrow4=v^2-5\left(\dfrac{4v}{7}\right)^2\\v=-3u\Rightarrow4=\left(-3u\right)^2-5u^2\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow...\)

a: ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< >\dfrac{3}{2}y\\x< >-\dfrac{y}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{2x-3y}+\dfrac{5}{3x+y}=-2\\\dfrac{-5}{2x-3y}+\dfrac{3}{3x+y}=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{20}{2x-3y}+\dfrac{25}{3x+y}=-10\\-\dfrac{20}{2x-3y}+\dfrac{12}{3x+y}=84\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{37}{3x+y}=74\\-\dfrac{5}{2x-3y}+\dfrac{3}{3x+y}=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\-\dfrac{5}{2x-3y}+3:\dfrac{1}{2}=21\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{-5}{2x-3y}=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\2x-3y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9x+3y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\2x-3y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}11x=\dfrac{7}{6}\\2x-3y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{7}{66}\\3y=2x+\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{7}{33}+\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{6}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{7}{66}\\y=\dfrac{2}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)(nhận)

b: ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< >y-2\\x< >-y+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{7}{x-y+2}-\dfrac{5}{x+y-1}=\dfrac{9}{2}\\\dfrac{3}{x-y+2}+\dfrac{2}{x+y-1}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{14}{x-y+2}-\dfrac{10}{x+y-1}=9\\\dfrac{15}{x-y+2}+\dfrac{10}{x+y-1}=20\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{29}{x-y+2}=29\\\dfrac{3}{x-y+2}+\dfrac{2}{x+y-1}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+2=1\\3+\dfrac{2}{x+y-1}=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=-1\\\dfrac{2}{x+y-1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=-1\\x+y-1=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=-1\\x+y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=2\\x+y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)(nhận)

c:

ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y< >2x\\y< >-x\end{matrix}\right.\)

 \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{2x-y}-\dfrac{6}{x+y}=-1\\\dfrac{1}{2x-y}-\dfrac{1}{x+y}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{2x-y}-\dfrac{6}{x+y}=-1\\\dfrac{3}{2x-y}-\dfrac{3}{x+y}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{3}{x+y}=-1\\\dfrac{1}{2x-y}-\dfrac{1}{x+y}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=3\\2x-y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=6\\2x-y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>x=2 và y=2x-3=4-3=1(nhận)

d:ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< >-y+1\\x< >\dfrac{1}{2}y-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

 \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{x+y-1}-\dfrac{5}{2x-y+3}=\dfrac{5}{2}\\\dfrac{3}{x+y-1}+\dfrac{1}{2x-y+3}=\dfrac{7}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{x+y-1}-\dfrac{5}{2x-y+3}=\dfrac{5}{2}\\\dfrac{15}{x+y-1}+\dfrac{5}{2x-y+3}=7\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{19}{x+y-1}=\dfrac{19}{2}\\\dfrac{15}{x+y-1}+\dfrac{5}{2x-y+3}=7\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y-1=2\\\dfrac{15}{2}+\dfrac{5}{2x-y+3}=7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=3\\\dfrac{5}{2x-y+3}=7-\dfrac{15}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=3\\2x-y+3=-10\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=3\\2x-y=-13\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=-10\\x+y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{10}{3}\\y=3-x=3+\dfrac{10}{3}=\dfrac{19}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\left(nhận\right)\)

e:

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\pm2y\)

 \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{6}{x-2y}+\dfrac{2}{x+2y}=3\\\dfrac{3}{x-2y}+\dfrac{4}{x+2y}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{6}{x-2y}+\dfrac{2}{x+2y}=3\\\dfrac{6}{x-2y}+\dfrac{8}{x+2y}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{6}{x+2y}=5\\\dfrac{3}{x-2y}+\dfrac{4}{x+2y}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=-\dfrac{6}{5}\\\dfrac{3}{x-2y}+4:\dfrac{-6}{5}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=-\dfrac{6}{5}\\\dfrac{3}{x-2y}=-1+4\cdot\dfrac{5}{6}=-1+\dfrac{10}{3}=\dfrac{7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=-\dfrac{6}{5}\\x-2y=\dfrac{9}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=\dfrac{3}{35}\\x-2y=\dfrac{9}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3}{70}\\2y=x-\dfrac{9}{7}=-\dfrac{87}{70}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3}{70}\\y=-\dfrac{87}{140}\end{matrix}\right.\left(nhận\right)\)

a: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2\right)\left(y+3\right)-xy=100\\xy-\left(x-2\right)\left(y-2\right)=64\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>xy+3x+2y+6-xy=100 và xy-xy+2x+2y-4=64

=>3x+2y=94 và 2x+2y=68

=>x=26 và x+y=34

=>x=26 và y=8

b: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3x+3+2}{x+1}-\dfrac{2}{y+4}=4\\\dfrac{2x+2-2}{x+1}-\dfrac{5y+20-11}{y+4}=9\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x+1}-\dfrac{2}{y+4}=4-3=1\\\dfrac{-2}{x+1}+\dfrac{11}{y+4}=9+5-2=12\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>x+1=18/35; y+4=9/13

=>x=-17/35; y=-43/18

\(a)\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=3\\x+2y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=3\\2x+4y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-5y=5\\2x+4y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy nghiệm hệ phương trình là (1; -1)

\(b)\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{2}x-y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\3x-2y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2y=1\\3x-2y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow0x-0y=0\left(VSN\right)\)

Vậy hệ phương trình vô số nghiệm

\(c)\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\left(x+2y\right)=3x-1\\2x+4=3\left(x-5y\right)-12\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x+10y=3x-1\\2x+4=3x-15y-12\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x-3x+10y=-1\\2x-3x+15y=-12-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+10y=-1\\-x+15y=-16\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+10y=-1\\-2x+30y=-32\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40y=-33\\-2x+30y=-32\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{33}{40}\\x=\dfrac{29}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy nghiệm hệ phương trình là \(\left(\dfrac{29}{8};-\dfrac{33}{40}\right)\)

\(d)\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{y}=1\\\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{4}{y}=5\end{matrix}\right.\left(I\right)\)

Đặt \(:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{1}{x}\\u=\dfrac{1}{y}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(I\right):\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t-u=1\\3t+4u=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4t-4u=4\\3t+4u=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7t=9\\3t+4u=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{9}{7}\\u=\dfrac{2}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)Với \(:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{9}{7}\\u=\dfrac{2}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{9}{7}\\\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{2}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{7}{9}\\y=\dfrac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy nghiệm hệ phương trình là \(\left(\dfrac{7}{9};\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)

a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5a+b=5\\b-10a=-19\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5a+b=5\\15a=24\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{8}{5}\\b=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

d) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{6}{y}=17\\\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{6}{y}=13\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{6}{y}=17\\\dfrac{6}{x}=30\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{5}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Giải hệ sau :

Câu a :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\2x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\-x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-3\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy ...........................

Câu b :

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=a\\\dfrac{1}{y}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) . Ta có :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=\dfrac{1}{5}\\3a+4b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+3b=\dfrac{3}{5}\\3a+4b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-b=-\dfrac{7}{5}\\3a+4b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=\dfrac{7}{5}\\a=-\dfrac{6}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{7}{5}\\\dfrac{1}{y}=-\dfrac{6}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{7}\\y=-\dfrac{5}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy..................

\(a,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=4\\x+5y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=4\\2x+10y=6\end{matrix}\right.\left\{{}\begin{matrix}11y=2\\2x+10y=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{2}{11}\\2x+10.\dfrac{2}{11}=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{2}{11}\\2x=\dfrac{46}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{2}{11}\\x=\dfrac{23}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)